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Duties and Liabilities of Malaysian Company Directors

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Duties and Liabilities of Malaysian Company Directors

In Malaysia, company directors play a critical role in overseeing the company's operations, ensuring it complies with legal and regulatory obligations, and safeguarding the interests of shareholders. Directors are entrusted with significant responsibilities under the Companies Act 2016 (CA 2016) and other relevant laws and regulations. The CA 2016 outlines specific duties, liabilities, and obligations that directors must adhere to, and failure to comply can result in personal liability, penalties, or even criminal prosecution.

  1. Duties of Company Directors

    Directors in Malaysia are expected to act in the best interests of the company, and their duties can be categorised into fiduciary and statutory duties.

    (1)
    Fiduciary Duties

    A director’s fiduciary obligations reflect the trust and integrity expected between the board and the company. This means that a director must act within the powers that have been given to him in good faith and in the best interest of the company at all times. Aside from not exceeding the limits of their powers, directors are also required to exercise their powers in a way that they were intended to be exercised. Fiduciary duties include:

    (a) Duty of Loyalty: Directors must act in good faith, with honesty and integrity, prioritising the company's interests over personal or third-party interests.

    (b) Duty of Care and Diligence: Directors are required to act with reasonable care, skill, and diligence in managing the company’s affairs. This means directors should have the knowledge, skill, experience and a good understanding of the company’s business and be actively involved in decision-making processes.

    (c) Duty to Avoid Conflicts of Interest: Directors must avoid situations where their personal interests conflict with their duties to the company. They must inform the board of any potential conflicts and abstain from participating in decisions where such conflicts arise.

    (d) Duty to Act within Powers: Directors must act within the scope of their authority as defined by the company’s constitution and the law for a proper purpose and in good faith in the best interest of the company. Any actions taken outside these limits may be considered ultra vires and void.

    (2)
    Statutory Duties

    The CA 2016 prescribes several statutory obligations imposed on directors that carry certain penalties for non-compliance, these including:

    (a) Duty to Maintain Proper Records: Directors are responsible for ensuring that the company keeps accurate and up-to-date registers, statutory records, accounting and other financial records, including the preparation and filing of annual financial statements in accordance with applicable accounting standards in a timely manner.

    (b) Duty to Ensure Compliance with the Law: Directors must ensure that the company complies with all legal requirements, such as annual corporate filings, corporate governance regulations, and employment laws.

    (c) Duty to Declare Interest in Contracts or Transactions: Under Section 219 of the CA 2016, directors must disclose any interest in contracts or transactions involving the company.

    (d) Duty to Call Annual General Meetings (AGMs): Directors are required to convene AGMs in accordance with the timeline set out in the company's constitution and the CA 2016. The AGM allows shareholders to discuss company affairs and elect directors.

  2. Liabilities of Company Directors

    While directors are afforded certain protections in carrying out their duties, they can also face significant liabilities if they fail to comply with their obligations. Some of the key liabilities include:

    (1)
    Civil Liabilities

    Directors can be held personally liable for civil penalties in cases of:

    (a) Breach of Duty: If a director breaches their fiduciary duties or statutory duties, they may be required to compensate the company for any losses incurred as a result.

    (b) Wrongful Trading: If a company continues to trade while insolvent, and a director knows or ought to know that the company is unable to pay its debts, the director can be held liable for the company’s debts.

    (c) Negligence or Mismanagement: If directors fail to exercise due care or manage the company negligently, they can be personally liable for any damage caused by their actions or omissions.

    (2)
    Criminal Liabilities

    Certain actions of directors may attract criminal liability, including:

    (a) Fraudulent Trading: If directors engage in fraudulent activities such as falsifying company records, misleading shareholders, or misappropriating funds, they may face criminal charges under the Penal Code.

    (b) Failure to File Financial Statements: Under the CA 2016, directors can be penalised or fined for failing to file accurate financial statements with the Companies Commission of Malaysia (CCM) within the prescribed time.

    (c) Failure to Disclose Interests: A failure to disclose personal interests in contracts and transactions as required by law can result in criminal penalties, including fines or imprisonment.

    (3)
    Personal Liability in Certain Circumstances

    Directors might face personal liability under specific circumstances, such as:

    (a) Tax Liabilities: If a company fails to remit taxes or pay statutory contributions (such as Employees Provident Fund (EPF) contributions), directors may be held personally liable for the amounts owed.

    (b) Environmental Liabilities: Directors may also be liable for environmental violations, including illegal disposal of hazardous waste or failure to comply with environmental regulations.

    (c) Employee Liabilities: Directors can be personally liable for unpaid wages, including penalties arising from employment law violations, especially in cases where directors have been negligent or have mismanaged the company.

  3. Protection and Indemnification

    The directors are responsible for overseeing the company’s affairs, but they are not personally accountable for the company’s debts and obligations unless they have violated their duties and responsibilities. To manage risks, many companies provide directors with indemnity coverage against personal liabilities arising from their role. However, this protection is limited, and it does not extend to liabilities arising from fraud, dishonesty, or wilful misconduct. Additionally, directors can also rely on Directors and Officers (D&O) insurance, which provides coverage for claims related to their actions as company officers.

  4. Conclusion

    Being a director of a company in Malaysia carries substantial responsibilities, both in terms of duties to the company and potential liabilities for failing to meet those obligations. Directors must exercise care, diligence, and integrity in managing the company’s affairs and ensure compliance with both statutory and fiduciary duties. Failure to adhere to these responsibilities can result in personal liability as well as criminal prosecution. To safeguard themselves against potential liabilities, directors should take proactive measures, such as obtaining appropriate indemnity coverage and D&O insurance.

Kaizen, together with its associate firms in Malaysia, can help the clients to perform these compliances formalities so as to maintain the Malaysia company in good standing. Please call and talk to our professional accountants in Kaizen for further clarification.

Disclaimer

All information in this article is only for the purpose of information sharing, instead of professional suggestion. Kaizen will not assume any responsibility for loss or damage.

If you wish to obtain more information or assistance, please visit the official website of Kaizen CPA Limited at www.kaizencpa.com or contact us through the following and talk to our professionals:

Email: info@kaizencpa.com
Tel: +852 2341 1444
Mobile : +852 5616 4140, +86 152 1943 4614
WhatsApp/ Line/ WeChat: +852 5616 4140
Skype: kaizencpa

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